요약
1Gbps 이더넷에서 Tailscale 사용 시 처리량은 5.4% 감소(941→890Mbps), 지연은 0.259ms 증가했습니다.

테스트 목적

직접 연결과 Tailscale 경유 시의 대역폭과 지연 차이를 정확히 측정하여 향후 인프라에 적용시 참고

테스트 환경

동일한 하드웨어 두 대를 사용했습니다:

  • OS: Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie) x86_64
  • CPU: AMD Ryzen 5 3600 (12코어 @ 4.21GHz)
  • 메모리: 62.73GB
  • 네트워크: 1Gbps 이더넷

테스트 방법

대역폭 측정
iperf3로 TCP 연결 60초간 측정

iperf3 -c [server_ip] -Z -4 -t 60 -l 1M

지연 측정
tcping으로 TCP RTT 15회 측정

tcping -4 -c 15 [server_ip] 44430

결과

처리량 비교

연결 방식 처리량(Mbps) 차이 오버헤드
직접 연결 941 - -
Tailscale 890 -51 -5.4%

지연 비교

연결 방식 평균 RTT(ms) 차이 증가율
직접 연결 0.369 - -
Tailscale 0.628 +0.259 +70.2%

분석

처리량 감소는 암호화와 캡슐화 처리에 따른 예상 범위입니다. Tailscale 세션에서 재전송이 더 많았는데(436 vs 11), 터널링으로 인한 패킷 처리 방식 변화 때문으로 보입니다.

지연 증가는 0.3ms 미만으로 경로 증가보다는 패킷 처리 비용이 주된 원인입니다. 상대적으로는 70% 증가했지만 절댓값이 작아 실제 사용에는 거의 영향이 없습니다.

결론

5% 정도의 처리량 감소와 0.26ms 지연 증가는 예상 범위 내의 결과입니다. 향후 Tailscale이 커널 모듈을 사용할 수 있게 된다면, 더 나은 결과가 나올지도 모릅니다.

Raw Data

전체 로그(iperf3 & tcping)

대역폭 테스트 (iperf3)

Tailscale 경유

Connecting to host master, port 5201

[ 5] local [MASTER TAILSCALE IP] port 34212 connected to 100.64.0.9 port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 8 704 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 105 MBytes 880 Mbits/sec 4 584 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 104 MBytes 872 Mbits/sec 0 692 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 105 MBytes 882 Mbits/sec 312 559 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 2 663 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 105 MBytes 881 Mbits/sec 5 558 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 0 672 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 106 MBytes 888 Mbits/sec 1 764 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 106 MBytes 890 Mbits/sec 4 644 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 4 519 KBytes
[ 5] 10.00-11.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 2 633 KBytes
[ 5] 11.00-12.00 sec 106 MBytes 890 Mbits/sec 0 734 KBytes
[ 5] 12.00-13.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 4 613 KBytes
[ 5] 13.00-14.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 0 717 KBytes
[ 5] 14.00-15.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 4 613 KBytes
[ 5] 15.00-16.00 sec 106 MBytes 888 Mbits/sec 0 717 KBytes
[ 5] 16.00-17.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 4 589 KBytes
[ 5] 17.00-18.00 sec 105 MBytes 882 Mbits/sec 0 696 KBytes
[ 5] 18.00-19.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 4 602 KBytes
[ 5] 19.00-20.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 0 709 KBytes
[ 5] 20.00-21.00 sec 105 MBytes 881 Mbits/sec 4 591 KBytes
[ 5] 21.00-22.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 0 698 KBytes
[ 5] 22.00-23.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 4 568 KBytes
[ 5] 23.00-24.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 0 681 KBytes
[ 5] 24.00-25.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 4 541 KBytes
[ 5] 25.00-26.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 0 657 KBytes
[ 5] 26.00-27.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 4 552 KBytes
[ 5] 27.00-28.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 0 667 KBytes
[ 5] 28.00-29.00 sec 106 MBytes 890 Mbits/sec 4 544 KBytes
[ 5] 29.00-30.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 0 662 KBytes
[ 5] 30.00-31.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 4 535 KBytes
[ 5] 31.00-32.00 sec 105 MBytes 881 Mbits/sec 0 654 KBytes
[ 5] 32.00-33.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 1 751 KBytes
[ 5] 33.00-34.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 4 636 KBytes
[ 5] 34.00-35.00 sec 106 MBytes 890 Mbits/sec 4 526 KBytes
[ 5] 35.00-36.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 0 648 KBytes
[ 5] 36.00-37.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 0 745 KBytes
[ 5] 37.00-38.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 4 626 KBytes
[ 5] 38.00-39.00 sec 105 MBytes 881 Mbits/sec 0 728 KBytes
[ 5] 39.00-40.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 4 601 KBytes
[ 5] 40.00-41.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 0 708 KBytes
[ 5] 41.00-42.00 sec 105 MBytes 882 Mbits/sec 5 612 KBytes
[ 5] 42.00-43.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 0 717 KBytes
[ 5] 43.00-44.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 4 588 KBytes
[ 5] 44.00-45.00 sec 106 MBytes 888 Mbits/sec 0 696 KBytes
[ 5] 45.00-46.00 sec 106 MBytes 890 Mbits/sec 4 564 KBytes
[ 5] 46.00-47.00 sec 106 MBytes 888 Mbits/sec 0 678 KBytes
[ 5] 47.00-48.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 4 562 KBytes
[ 5] 48.00-49.00 sec 106 MBytes 890 Mbits/sec 0 675 KBytes
[ 5] 49.00-50.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 4 548 KBytes
[ 5] 50.00-51.00 sec 105 MBytes 881 Mbits/sec 0 666 KBytes
[ 5] 51.00-52.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 0 763 KBytes
[ 5] 52.00-53.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 4 643 KBytes
[ 5] 53.00-54.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 0 744 KBytes
[ 5] 54.00-55.00 sec 107 MBytes 898 Mbits/sec 4 620 KBytes
[ 5] 55.00-56.00 sec 105 MBytes 881 Mbits/sec 0 722 KBytes
[ 5] 56.00-57.00 sec 106 MBytes 890 Mbits/sec 4 624 KBytes
[ 5] 57.00-58.00 sec 107 MBytes 897 Mbits/sec 0 728 KBytes
[ 5] 58.00-59.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 4 601 KBytes
[ 5] 59.00-60.00 sec 106 MBytes 889 Mbits/sec 0 706 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr

[ 5] 0.00-60.00 sec 6.22 GBytes 891 Mbits/sec 436 sender
[ 5] 0.00-60.01 sec 6.22 GBytes 890 Mbits/sec receiver

직접 연결

Connecting to host [MASTER IP], port 5201

[ 5] local [SLAVE IP] port 36730 connected to [MASTER IP] port 5201
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr Cwnd
[ 5] 0.00-1.00 sec 113 MBytes 947 Mbits/sec 2 311 KBytes
[ 5] 1.00-2.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 3 311 KBytes
[ 5] 2.00-3.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 2 311 KBytes
[ 5] 3.00-4.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 2 311 KBytes
[ 5] 4.00-5.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 5.00-6.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 6.00-7.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 2 311 KBytes
[ 5] 7.00-8.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 8.00-9.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 9.00-10.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 10.00-11.00 sec 112 MBytes 939 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 11.00-12.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 12.00-13.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 13.00-14.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 14.00-15.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 15.00-16.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 16.00-17.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 17.00-18.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 311 KBytes
[ 5] 18.00-19.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 464 KBytes
[ 5] 19.00-20.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 464 KBytes
[ 5] 20.00-21.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 464 KBytes
[ 5] 21.00-22.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 464 KBytes
[ 5] 22.00-23.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 464 KBytes
[ 5] 23.00-24.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 464 KBytes
[ 5] 24.00-25.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 464 KBytes
[ 5] 25.00-26.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 464 KBytes
[ 5] 26.00-27.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 464 KBytes
[ 5] 27.00-28.00 sec 114 MBytes 956 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 28.00-29.00 sec 111 MBytes 931 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 29.00-30.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 30.00-31.00 sec 111 MBytes 931 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 31.00-32.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 32.00-33.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 33.00-34.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 34.00-35.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 35.00-36.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 36.00-37.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 37.00-38.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 38.00-39.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 39.00-40.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 40.00-41.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 41.00-42.00 sec 111 MBytes 931 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 42.00-43.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 43.00-44.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 44.00-45.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 45.00-46.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 46.00-47.00 sec 111 MBytes 931 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 47.00-48.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 48.00-49.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 49.00-50.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 50.00-51.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 51.00-52.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 52.00-53.00 sec 111 MBytes 931 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 53.00-54.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 54.00-55.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 55.00-56.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 56.00-57.00 sec 111 MBytes 931 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 57.00-58.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 58.00-59.00 sec 112 MBytes 940 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
[ 5] 59.00-60.00 sec 113 MBytes 948 Mbits/sec 0 677 KBytes
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval Transfer Bitrate Retr

[ 5] 0.00-60.00 sec 6.58 GBytes 942 Mbits/sec 11 sender
[ 5] 0.00-60.00 sec 6.58 GBytes 941 Mbits/sec receiver

지연 테스트 (tcping)

Tailscale 경유

TCPinging slave on port 44430

Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=1 time=0.583 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=2 time=0.649 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=3 time=0.671 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=4 time=0.511 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=5 time=0.660 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=6 time=0.626 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=7 time=0.612 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=8 time=0.536 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=9 time=0.574 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=10 time=0.917 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=11 time=0.510 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=12 time=0.712 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=13 time=0.591 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=14 time=0.649 ms
Reply from slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=15 time=0.627 ms

--- slave ([MASTER TAILSCALE IP]) TCPing statistics ---
15 probes transmitted on port 44430 | 15 received, 0.00% packet loss
successful probes: 15
unsuccessful probes: 0
last successful probe: 2025-09-12 04:21:51
last unsuccessful probe: Never failed
total uptime: 15 seconds
total downtime: 0 second
longest consecutive uptime: 15 seconds from 2025-09-12 04:21:37 to 2025-09-12 04:21:52
retried to resolve hostname 0 times
rtt min/avg/max: 0.510/0.628/0.917 ms
--------------------------------------
TCPing started at: 2025-09-12 04:21:37
TCPing ended at: 2025-09-12 04:21:52
duration (HH:MM:SS): 00:00:15

직접 연결

TCPinging [MASTER IP] on port 44430

Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=1 time=0.521 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=2 time=0.333 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=3 time=0.377 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=4 time=0.249 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=5 time=0.260 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=6 time=0.358 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=7 time=0.351 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=8 time=0.390 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=9 time=0.390 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=10 time=0.399 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=11 time=0.258 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=12 time=0.425 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=13 time=0.379 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=14 time=0.258 ms
Reply from [MASTER IP] ([MASTER IP]) on port 44430 TCP_conn=15 time=0.592 ms

--- [MASTER IP] TCPing statistics ---
15 probes transmitted on port 44430 | 15 received, 0.00% packet loss
successful probes: 15
unsuccessful probes: 0
last successful probe: 2025-09-12 04:22:24
last unsuccessful probe: Never failed
total uptime: 15 seconds
total downtime: 0 second
longest consecutive uptime: 15 seconds from 2025-09-12 04:22:10 to 2025-09-12 04:22:25
rtt min/avg/max: 0.249/0.369/0.592 ms
--------------------------------------
TCPing started at: 2025-09-12 04:22:10
TCPing ended at: 2025-09-12 04:22:25
duration (HH:MM:SS): 00:00:15